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''Diana'' – also known as ''Diana of the Tower'' – is an iconic statue by sculptor Augustus Saint-Gaudens. Once a famous New York City landmark, the second version stood atop the tower of Madison Square Garden from 1893 to 1925. Since 1932, it has been in the collection of the Philadelphia Museum of Art. ==First Version (1891-1892)== "Diana" was commissioned by architect Stanford White as a weathervane for the tower of Madison Square Garden, a theater-and-dining complex at 26th Street and Madison Avenue in Manhattan. He talked his friend Saint-Gaudens into creating it at no charge, and picked up the cost of materials.〔"The Architect of Desire: Beauty and Danger in the Stanford White Family," Suzanna Lessard〕 Model Julia "Dudie" Baird posed for the body of the statue.〔http://www.sgnhs.org/Augustus%20SGaudens%20CD-HTML/Models/Dudie.htm〕 Its face is that of Davida Johnson Clark, Saint-Gauden's long-time model and mother of his illegitimate son Louis.〔(Davida Johnson Clark, ) from Metropolitan Museum of Art.〕 The first version – built by the W. H. Mullins Manufacturing Company in Salem, Ohio – was tall and weighed .〔http://www.sgnhs.org/Augustus%20SGaudens%20CD-HTML/Monuments/Ideal/Diana1.htm〕 Saint-Gaudens's design specified that the figure appear to delicately balance on its left toe atop a ball. However, the Ohio metal shop was unable to pass the rotating rod through the toe, so the design was altered and the figure instead was poised (less-gracefully) on its heel. "Diana" was unveiled atop Madison Square Garden's tower on September 29, 1891. The 304-foot (92.66 m) building had been completed a year earlier, and was the second-tallest in New York City. But the addition of the statue made it the city's tallest, by 13 feet (3.96 m).〔Joseph J. Korum, ''The American Skyscraper, 1850–1940'' (2008).()〕 The figure's billowing copper foulard (scarf) was intended to catch the wind, but the statue did not rotate smoothly because of its weight. "Diana"'s nudity offended moral crusader Anthony Comstock and his New York Society for the Suppression of Vice. To placate Comstock and to increase the likelihood of its catching the wind, Saint-Gaudens draped the figure in cloth, but the cloth blew away.〔Federal Writers' Project. ''New York City Guide''. New York: Random House, 1939 ISBN 0-403-02921-X (Reprinted by Scholarly Press, 1976; often referred to as WPA Guide to New York City), pp.330–333〕 Soon after installation, both White and Saint-Gaudens concluded that the figure was too large for the building, and decided to create a smaller, lighter replacement. Following less than a year atop the tower, the statue was removed and shipped to Chicago to be exhibited at the 1893 World's Columbian Exposition. New Yorker W. T. Henderson wrote a tongue-in-cheek poetic tribute – "Diana Off the Tower" – a play on both the statue's name and situation.〔W. T. Henderson, ("Diana Off the Tower" (PDF), ) ''The New York Times'', September 18, 1892.〕 Saint-Gaudens served as head of the Chicago exposition's sculpture committee. His initial plan had been to place "Diana" atop the Women's Pavilion, but the city's Women's Christian Temperance Union protested and insisted that the controversial nude figure be clothed.〔"The Architect of Desire: Beauty and Danger in the Stanford White Family," Suzanna Lessard〕 Instead, it was placed atop the Agricultural Building. The original "Diana" does not survive. In June 1894, eight months after the exposition's closing, a major fire tore through its buildings. The lower half of the statue was destroyed; the upper half survived the fire, but was later lost or discarded.〔http://jssgallery.org/other_artists/augustus_saint-gaudens/diana_of_the_tower.html〕 File:Davida Johnson Clark by Saint-Gaudens 1886.jpg|''Bust of Davida Johnson Clark'' (1886) by Saint-Gaudens. File:Diana 1st Version.jpg|First version of "Diana" in the foundry of the W. H. Mullins Manufacturing Company, Salem, Ohio, 1891. File:Agricultural Building (3572762953).jpg|Atop the Agriculture Building, World's Columbian Exposition, Chicago, 1893. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Diana (Saint-Gaudens)」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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